Stair Ambulation Biomechanics Following Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review

The purpose of this review was to summarize the biomechanical adaptations during stair ambulation that occur after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Articles were identified by searching PubMed and Web of Science. During stair ascent, knee flexion angle at heel strike and walking velocity were reduced in TKA subjects compared to controls. Results of other variables were not consistent between studies. During stair descent only one study found any differences for knee moments in the sagittal and frontal plane between TKA subjects and controls. Other results during stair descent were not consistent between studies. Differences in methods can partially explain discrepancies between studies in this review. More studies with consistent and improved methods are needed in order to provide better understanding of stair ambulation following TKA.