Navigated, soft tissue-guided total knee arthroplasty restores the distal femoral joint line orientation in a modified mechanically aligned technique

Purpose

To investigate the femoral component alignment in patients undergoing soft tissue-guided, navigated total knee arthroplasty (TKA). It was hypothesized that with a mechanically aligned tibial component, the soft tissues tensioned and symmetric medial and lateral gaps in flexion/extension, the femoral component would be aligned to the preoperative distal femoral joint line, as measured on knee radiographs.

Methods

Between 2015 and 2017, 77 patients (78 knees) underwent navigated soft tissue-guided TKA at a single centre. Pre and postoperative radiographs were collected and varus knees were taken into account. The tibial cut was performed with navigation in neutral alignment. The femoral cuts were adjusted based on tensioned soft tissues, aiming for equal medial and lateral gaps in flexion and extension. The Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and Knee Society Score (KSS) were collected pre and postoperatively as a secondary outcome measure.

Results

A total of 58 TKAs on varus knees were assessed. On average, the femoral component was placed at 1.7° (SD 1.7) varus in the coronal plane. The comparison between the radiographic native distal femoral alignment and the orientation of the femoral component coronal cut demonstrated a statistically significant (p < 0.0001), linear inverse relationship (r = 0.5). Satisfactory knee function and excellent pain remission were demonstrated by KOOS and KSS scores at a mean of 2.8 years (SD 0.5) follow-up. One TKA was revised, resulting in a 98.3% survivorship at three years.

Conclusion

The proposed soft tissue-guided, navigated technique, aiming to preserve the integrity of the ligaments and a neutrally aligned tibial cut, provided a joint line respecting femoral coronal cut and encouraging short-term clinical results.

Level of evidence

III.