Cells seeded on MBG scaffold survive impaction grafting technique: Potential application of cell‐seeded biomaterials for revision arthroplasty

The objective of this study was to investigate the potential application of cell‐seeded biomaterials for revision arthroplasty and the reconstruction of major joints using the impaction grafting technique. Using morselized cancellous bone graft as a porous scaffold, MG63 cells were seeded on the scaffold and impacted into an acetabulum cup model using a mechanical device constructed from data obtained during impaction grafting by an orthopedic surgeon. Immediately after impaction, cells were trypsinized from the scaffold and processed for cell survival rates using the double‐stranded DNA PicoGreen® assay. Significant reductions in viable cells were observed between the fifth impact and both the first and second impacts ( p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). Cell survival rate was 21.5% after five impacts. The biological performance of cell‐seeded biomaterials may be enhanced by these surviving cells. Compared to allograft bone that is not osteogenic, a cell‐seeded biomaterial might also be a suitable substitute for allograft bone for major joint reconstruction at revision arthroplasty.