Two-stage revision arthroplasty for Mycobacterium Tuberculosis periprosthetic joint infection: An outcome analysis
Chih-Hsiang Chang, Formal analysis, Investigation, Software, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing,1,2,3 Chih-Chien Hu, Conceptualization, Resources, Validation, Visualization,1,2,4 Yuhan Chang, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision,1,2,4 Pang-Hsin Hsieh, Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Resources,1,2,4 Hsin-Nung Shih, Investigation, Resources, Validation,1,2,4 and Steve Wen-Neng Ueng, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – review & editing1,2,4,*Hip Knee
Background
Mycobacterium tuberculosis periprosthetic joint infection (TBPJI) is a rare complication of hip/knee joint arthroplasty. The outcomes of hip/knee TBPJI treatment are still unreported. The objective of this study was to investigate the outcomes of hip/knee TBPJI following treatment with two-stage exchange arthroplasty.
Materials and methods
From 2003 to 2013, 11 patients with TBPJI (six hips and five knees) were treated with two-stage exchange arthroplasty at our institution. We collected and analyzed variables including demographic data, comorbidities, microbiological data, duration of symptoms, and types of antibiotic used in bone cement.
Results
At the most recent follow-up, the success rate of two-stage exchange arthroplasty was 63.3% (7 of 11). All five knee treatments resulted in infection eradication and successful prosthesis reimplantation. However, only two hip TBPJI treatments resulted in successful outcomes; two patients died and two experienced chronic infection. Overall, secondary bacterial infections were common in patients with TBPJI (5 of 11 cases, 45.5%). Streptomycin in bone cement increased the success rate (83.33% vs. 40%).
Conclusion
More than one third of the patients treated with two-stage exchange arthroplasty for TBPJI showed infection relapse or uncontrolled infection. Streptomycin-loaded interim cement spacers appeared to help ensure successful treatment. Routine M. tuberculosis culture is recommended when treating TBPJI in areas of high tuberculosis prevalence.
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