Tibiofemoral instability in primary total knee replacement: A review

In part 1, tibiofemoral instability was noted as a common cause of early and late failure of TKR. Instability in extension and flexion could be the result of a pre-existing ligamentous laxity, bone loss and acquired ligamentous incompetence, collateral ligament imbalance, or a flexion–extension gap mismatch. The second part of this review covers the diagnosis, patient evaluation, and treatment of tibiofemoral instability in TKR.