The role of stainless steel wire mesh and cement in bone allograft incorporation in impaction grafting technique

Cages of flexible stainless steel wire mesh were filled with impacted morcellized cancellous allograft. Bone defects were created in both tibial metaphyseal regions of 10 adult white New Zealand rabbits. The base of both defects was plugged with a small amount of bone cement. The cages were implanted in the right tibia while the left tibia was filled with impacted bone allograft. Histologic and histomorphometric evaluation of the retrieved specimens at 3 months showed a statistically significant difference in active bone formation parameters between the 2 groups. Active bone formation was more prominent away from the bone cement. The biological process of bone graft incorporation in the “impaction grafting” technique seems to be adversely affected by stainless steel wire mesh and in areas adjacent to bone cement.