Severity of valgus knee osteoarthritis has no effect on clinical outcomes after total knee arthroplasty

Introduction

Advanced valgus osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most challenging indications for total knee arthroplasty (TKA). There is no information in the literature about the optimal timing of surgery. The current study investigates the impact of the preoperative deformity and degree of arthritis on postoperative outcome after TKA.

Material and methods

The study evaluated 133 knees in 107 patients with valgus OA that failed nonoperative treatment with a minimum 2-year follow-up. Mechanical alignment, Kellgren and Lawrence (K/L) score, and minimal joint space width (minJSW) were measured on AP- and hip-to-ankle radiographs. All knees had advanced OA (i.e., K/L grades 3 or 4 and less than 50% minJSW). Pre- and postoperative WOMAC, VR-12, UCLA, VAS, ROM were recorded.

Results

There was no difference in clinical outcome (WOMAC, UCLA, VR-12, VAS or ROM) between patients with different degrees of valgus deformities (< 5.0 deg., 5.0–9.9 deg., 10.0–14.9 deg., ≥ 15.0 deg.). There was also no correlation between K/L score or minimal joint space width and any of the outcome parameters.

Conclusions

The degree of valgus deformity and the grade of osteoarthritis do not predict the outcome of TKA in patients with valgus OA. Since the risk of complication and the need for implant constraint increases with increasing deformity and instability of the knee, surgery appears to be justified in patients with advanced OA that failed nonoperative treatment, regardless of the degree of deformity.