Reduction and Fixation of Displaced Intracapsular Fractures of the Proximal Femur

Intracapsular fractures of the femoral neck are one of the most common fractures in the elderly. The incidence of these fractures will increase significantly in the next decades as a result of increasing life expectancy. Although treatment of these fractures by closed or open reduction and internal fixation is standard in young patients, arthroplasty is the standard treatment in geriatric patients in most countries. Comorbidities of the patients and current socioeconomic changes in healthcare led to reconsideration of closed reduction and internal fixation of femoral neck fractures as an alternative treatment modality. With correct decision-making, proper reduction, and proper consideration of the biomechanical principle of three-point fixation, minimally invasive screw fixation of femoral neck fractures is a safe and inexpensive procedure even in elderly patients. The purpose of the current review was to give an overview of the history, current techniques and developments, results, limitations, and complications of closed reduction and internal fixation of intracapsular femoral neck fractures.