Incidence of Postthrombotic Syndrome in Patients Undergoing Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty for Osteoarthritis

Postthrombotic syndrome (PTS) is characterized by edema, venous ectasia, hyperpigmentation, varicose veins, venous ulceration, and pain with calf compression after deep venous thrombosis (DVT). We determined the incidence of PTS after DVT diagnosed on screening ultrasound in patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for osteoarthritis (OA). We retrospectively reviewed the records of 1406 patients who underwent primary TKA for osteoarthritis and compared the incidence of PTS in patients without and with DVT. All patients had postoperative screening ultrasound. From these 1406 patients we identified 66 (4.7%) who had DVT, 50 of whom had a minimum of 1 year followup (mean, 4.97 years; range, 1.00-7.53 years). PTS was diagnosed if any two of six signs were documented in the medical record. Three of 50 patients with DVT (6%) had signs consistent with PTS; two of these three had a DVT proximal to the soleal arch. Seven (8%) of 88 patients randomly chosen for primary TKA because of OA with similar mean age and gender, but without DVT, had signs of PTS. PTS does not seem to be a major sequela of DVT in patients undergoing primary TKA for OA.

Level of Evidence: Level III, therapeutic study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.