Effects of Posterior Cruciate Ligament Resection on the Tibiofemoral Joint Gap

The effect of posterior cruciate ligament resection on the tibiofemoral joint gap was analyzed in 30 patients with varus osteoarthritis of the knee who underwent total knee replacement. The medial soft tissue was released and the bone cut was made without preserving the bone segment of the tibia to which the posterior cruciate ligament was attached. Then the medial and lateral joint gaps in full extension and 90° flexion were measured before and after the posterior cruciate ligament was resected using a tensioning device. After the resection, the flexion gap significantly increased in the medial and the lateral sides (4.8 ± 0.4 and 4.5 ± 0.4 mm, respectively, mean ± standard error) compared with those seen in the extension gap (0.9 ± 0.2 and 0.8 ± 0.2 mm). There was no significant difference between the changes in the medial and lateral gaps. The mean value of the flexion gap was 2 mm smaller than the extension gap before the resection and 1.7 mm larger after the sacrifice. Overall, posterior cruciate ligament resection resulted in an increase in the flexion gap and made space for approximately 3-mm thicker polyethylene. The flexion gap can be controlled selectively with posterior cruciate ligament release.