Biochemical analyses of human macrophages activated by polyethylene particles retrieved from interface membranes after failed total hip arthroplasty

Human monocyte/macrophages (M/M) were exposed to retrieved ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) particles isolated after enzymatic digestion of revision total hip arthroplasty interface membrane tissue samples. The cellular response of human M/M to UHMWPE was compared with the response of these cells to latex particles and culture medium alone. We incubated macrophages in good contact with polyethylene particles using an inverted culture system. Chamber slides on which macrophages were attached were filled with polyethylene particle suspension and sealed with plastic sheets. After the slides were inverted, the incubation was completed. Retrieved UHMWPE particulate debris stimulated human M/M to secrete interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Human M/M exposed to retrieved UHMWPE particles secreted significantly more IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α compared with M/M exposed to latex particles (P<.05).