Axial pelvic tilt in direct anterior Total hip Arthroplasty using a traction table

Background

Direct anterior approach total hip arthroplasty may be undertaken on a traction table, but the effects that patient positioning can have on axial pelvic tilt (aPT) are unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the degree of error from patient positioning on the traction table during anterior minimally-invasive surgery (AMIS) THA.

Methods

Patients were included who underwent direct anterior THA via the AMIS technique at a single institution between 11/2018 and 03/2019. Axial pelvic tilt was measured (a) in the supine position on the operating table, and (b) after positioning on the traction table, by the same consultant surgeon in all cases.

Results

In the above-mentioned study period, 50 patients (F: 32; M: 18) with an average age of 60.6 ± 13.6 (range: 26.5 to 88.3) years, and an average BMI of 27.2 ± 5.0 (range: 17.9 to 41.5) kg/m² met the inclusion criteria. When measured in supine position, the average aPT was − 0.2 ± 1.7 (range: − 5.6 to 3.8) degrees. After positioning on the traction table, the average aPT was − 3.5 ± 2.1 (− 8.5 to 1.6) degrees (p < 0.001). In patients with an aPT of more than 5 degrees, the caput-collum-diaphyseal (CCD) angle was significantly lower (125 ± 11° vs. 134 ± 8°, p = 0.007).

Conclusion

This study raises awareness for the potential risk of aPT during positioning of the patient on the traction table, commonly used during direct anterior THA via the AMIS technique.